SOLUTIONS (OXIDES) IN FToxid

[FToxid-SLAGA] A-Slag-liq

OXIDE  liquid/glass

Oxides of:

Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr(II), Cr(III), Cu(I), Fe(II), Fe(III), Ge, K, Li, Mg, Mn(II),

Mn(III), Na, Ni, P, Pb, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti(III), Ti(IV), V(II), V(III), V(IV), V(V), Zn, Zr + (S and F in dilute solution (<50%))

Possible miscibility gap at high SiO₂ contents.  Use I option.

Not all binary and ternary sub-systems have been evaluated and optimized, nor are all composition ranges covered.  Sub-systems which have not been evaluated and optimized have been assumed ideal or have been approximated. The sub-systems and composition ranges which have been evaluated and optimized are described in the following.  The most accurate calculations will be obtained in or near these sub-systems and composition ranges.

(1) Major oxide components: Oxides of  Al,Ca,Fe(II),Fe(III),Mg,Si

All major oxide components have been fully optimized and evaluated together at all compositions.  All available data for binary, ternary and quaternary sub-systems have been fully optimized.

References: 2004, 2020, 2025, 2028, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2050, 6009, 6020

(2) Oxides of  Mn, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu  with the major oxide components

      Al, Ca, Fe(II), Fe(III), Mg, Si

Most binary and many ternary sub-systems among these components and between these components and the major oxide components have been evaluated and optimized. Particularly in the composition region of fayalite slags, extensive optimizations have been carried out.  With NiO, the system CaO-MgO-NiO-FeO-Fe₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ has recently been re-optimized.  Cu₂O-containing subsystems with components Al₂O₃, CaO, FeO, Fe₂O₃, MgO, SiO₂, NiO, PbO have been evaluated and optimized, particularly in the composition regions of fayalite and calcium ferrite slags.

References: 2002, 2008, 2012, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027,

2036, 2037, 2038, 2040, 6013, 6016, 6021, 6026, 6028, 6033, 6046, 2085, 2089,  2091, 2063, 2066, 2067, 2092, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2103, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138, 2139, 4007, 4008, 4010, 6019

(3) Slags containing CrO and Cr₂O₃

    (i)  In the absence of SiO₂:

          Oxides of: Al,Ca,Co,Cr(II),Cr(III),Fe(II),Fe(III),Mg,Ni,Zn

     This combination of components is of particular interest in hot corrosion.  

     This group of components has been extensively optimized together over most          

     composition regions where data are available.  The system MnO-Mn₂O₃-FeO-

     Fe₂O₃-CrO-Cr₂O₃ has been partially evaluated/optimized.

     (ii) In the presence of SiO₂:

           Oxides of: Al,Ca,Fe(II),Fe(III),Mg,Si + Cr(II),Cr(III)

This group of components has been fully evaluated and optimized at all composition regions for the oxides of (Al,Ca,Fe(II),Fe(III),Mg,Si) in the absence of Cr.  When Cr is present, all available data have been fully optimized for Al₂O₃-CaO-CrO-Cr₂O₃-SiO₂ solutions and roughly optimized for CrO-Cr₂O₃-MgO-SiO₂ solutions.

References: 2010, 2011, 2013, 2025, 2029, 2035, 2040, 6008, 6031, 2056

(4) Slags containing As₂O₃, SnO

Data have been optimized with the major oxide components only over limited composition ranges, generally for SiO₂-rich slags and in the composition region of fayalite slags.

References 4007, 4008, 4010, 6019

(5) Slags containing TiO₂ and Ti₂O₃

Oxides of: Al,Ca,Fe(II),Fe(III),Mg,Si + K,Na,Li,Mn(II),Mn(III),Ti(III),Ti(IV)

This group of components has been evaluated and optimized at all composition regions for the oxides of (Al,Ca,Fe(II),Fe(III),Mg,Si) in the absence of Ti.  The following Ti-containing subsystems have been optimized using the limited available data: TiO₂-Ti₂O₃-CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, TiO₂-Ti₂O₃-MgO-FeO-Fe₂O₃-MnO-Mn₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, M₂O-TiO₂, M₂O-Ti₂O₃, M₂O-TiO₂-SiO₂ (where M=Na,K,Li). For compositions substantially deviating from these subsystems, the database is less accurate and provides an estimation based on the solution models, while some phases may be missing.

References: 2005, 2009, 2014, 2033, 2034, 2040, 2041, 2059

(6) Slags containing ZrO₂

Oxides of: Al,Ca,Fe(II),Fe(III),Mg,Si + Mn(II),Ti(IV),Zr

This combination of components has been evaluated and optimized at all composition regions for the oxides of (Al,Ca,Fe(II),Fe(III),Mg,Si) in the absence of Zr.  When Zr is present, the data have been fully optimized for all binary oxide solutions except Fe₂O₃-ZrO₂, for all ternaries and all higher order systems of the Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO-SiO₂-ZrO₂ system, and for quaternary Al₂O₃-SiO₂-TiO₂-ZrO₂ solutions (including all four ternary sub-systems). Best calculations, therefore, will be obtained in the Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO-SiO₂-ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃-SiO₂-TiO₂-ZrO₂ systems, at compositions in or near all binary systems, and at relatively low concentrations of  MnO, FeO and Fe₂O₃.

References: 2108, 2109, 2110

(7) Slags containing B₂O₃

In the presence of B₂O₃, for the system Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO-SrO-BaO-SiO₂-B₂O₃-Na₂O

all available data have been re-evaluated and re-optimized for the Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-CaO-MgO-SrO-BaO-SiO₂ system including all ternary sub-systems and for the B₂O₃-Na₂O-SiO₂ system. The MnO-B₂O₃ system has recently been optimized.

When boron is present, there may be multiple miscibility gaps. (Use J option.)

References:  2044, 2055, 2045, 2046

(8) Slags containing GeO₂

GeO₂ has not been evaluated simultaneously with any slag component except SiO₂.

The GeO₂- SiO₂ system has been evaluated over the entire composition range.  

References: 2022

(9) Slags containing Li₂O, Na₂O and K₂O:

The systems Na₂O-K₂O-CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ and Li₂O-Na₂O-CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ have recently been re-evaluated and re-optimized [Sergei A. Decterov and Eugene Jak; Youn-Bae Kang and In-Ho Jung; Dong-Geun Kim and In-Ho Jung; Bikram Konar and In-Ho Jung: unpublished work], as has the system Na₂O-B₂O₃-SiO₂ [2046]. The binary systems Li₂O-TiO₂, Na₂O-TiO₂, K₂O-TiO₂ and the Na₂O-TiO₂-SiO₂ ternary have recently been evaluated/optimized. The Na₂O-FeO-Fe₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system has recently been optimized [Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari and In-Ho Jung].

However, only rough estimation can be made for the liquidus in multicomponent Li₂O-, Na₂O- and K₂O-containing systems that are far from the optimized subsystems mentioned above.

References: 2003, 2005, 2006, 2046, 2047, 2072, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

(10) Systems containing BaO and SrO

The system BaO-SrO-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-CaO-MgO-SiO₂ has recently been optimized [Adarsh Shukla, Ph.D. Thesis, École Polytechnique de Montréal].  The systems BaO-MnO and BaO-CaO-MnO have been optimized for calculating BaO behavior in CaO-SiO₂-MnO slags for ferromanganese production [In-Ho Jung, unpublished work].

(11) Systems containing vanadium oxides

Vanadium oxides have been added to the Na₂O-CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system. The thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase have been optimized over limited ranges of composition and P(O₂) in the V-O, V-Na-O, V-Ca-O, V-Mg-O, V-Fe-O, V-Si-O, V-Ca-Si-O and V-Fe-Si-O subsystems. The optimizations are most accurate for equilibrium with air, but the less accurate under reducing conditions, except for the V-Fe-O system, which has been optimized over the entire range of oxygen partial pressures from metal saturation to equilibrium with air. The database allows calculations of vanadium distribution between slag and liquid alloy, but it is not intended for liquidus calculations in the VO_x-Na₂O-CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ multicomponent system, because many compounds and solid solutions are missing.

(12) Systems containing P₂O₅

For the system P₂O₅-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO-BaO-FeO_x-MnO-Na₂O-K₂O, all binary P₂O₅-containing subsystems have been evaluated and optimized. In addition, the key subsystems CaO-MgO-P₂O₅, CaO-SiO₂-P₂O₅, CaO-Al₂O₃-P₂O₅ and CaO-FeO-Fe₂O₃-P₂O₅ have been optimized and the subsystems Na₂O-CaO-P₂O₅, Na₂O-MgO-P₂O₅ and Na₂O-SiO₂-P₂O₅ have been approximately evaluated. This can be used for evaluation of the P equilibria among liquid slag, iron/steel, gas.

Liquidus calculations for P₂O₅-containing systems that substantially deviate from the optimized subsystems mentioned above may be not accurate.

References: 2074, 2078, 2079, 2080, 2117

(13) Solubility of Sulfide:

The model used, and most of the optimizations, are described in the references below. Sulfur contents as sulfide will be calculated reasonably well for total sulfide contents up to about 12 weight %. Calculations are not accurate for slags/glasses with large Li₂O or K₂O contents. For slags containing large amounts of CrO, better calculations of sulfide solubility will be obtained with FToxid-SLAG?.  Output of EQUILIB will give sulfide grouped as the “components” CaS, FeS, MgS, etc. This is only a formalism. The model actually treats sulfur as dissolved sulfide ion which is not associated with any particular cations. Slag/matte phase equilibria can also be calculated, using FTsulf database for the liquid sulfide (matte) phase. These calculations provide good description of sulfur solubility in slags that are used in pyrometallurgy.

References: 2017, 2039, 2060, 2061, 2115, 2116, 2136, 2137, 2138, 4007, 4008, 4010, 6019

Complete list of references for FToxid-SLAGA:

References: 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 References: 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028

References: 2029, 2030, 2031, 2032, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2039, 2040, 2042, 2043 References: 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, 2050, 2051, 2055, 4007, 4008, 4010

References: 6008, 6009, 6013, 6016, 6019, 6020, 6021, 6026, 6028, 6033, 6046

(14) Solubility of Fluoride:

The separate solution [FToxid-OXFL], Liq-Oxyfluoride, for oxide liquid/glass containing fluoride has been eliminated in FactSage 7.3 and replaced with FToxid-SLAGA.

The thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase are most accurate for the (Ca,Mg,Li,Na,K,Al,Si//O,F) system, which can also contain minor amounts of Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cr²⁺, Cr³⁺, Mn²⁺, Mn³⁺. Sulfide solubility in the (Ca,Mg,Na,Al,Si//O,F) system has also been tested. The database can calculate phase equilibria up to about 50% of fluorides+sulfides. However, it should be noted that many multicomponent fluoride and oxyfluoride solid solutions and stoichiometric compounds are not present in the FToxid database. The database can be used even for some binary fluoride systems without oxides, but it is less accurate than the FTsalt database.

[FToxid-SLAGB] B-Slag-liq

Oxide liquid/glass containing sulfate

Oxides of: Al,As,B,Ca,Fe(III),K,Mg,Mn(II),Na,Ni,Pb,Si,Ti(III),Ti(IV),Zn,Zr

    + SO₄ in dilute solution (< 10 weight %)

Possible miscibility gap at high SiO₂ contents.  Use I option.

Note that equilibria between slags/glasses containing Na₂O or B₂O₃ and other oxide phases will be calculated more accurately with FToxid-SLAGA than with FToxid-SLAGB.

SO₄ solubilities can be calculated for slags containing oxide components other than those in the above list by using FToxid-SLAG?. However, this is not recommended.

Among the oxide components, not all binary and ternary sub-systems have been evaluated and optimized, nor are all composition regions covered.  Scroll up to see the description of FToxid-SLAGA for more details.

It is recommended that you calculate the solubilities of non-oxide components (S, F, Cl, SO₄, PO₄, CO₃,................. etc.) in a series of separate calculations using FToxid-SLAGA, SLAGB, SLAGC, etc. rather than trying to calculate all the solubilities simultaneously with FToxid-SLAG?

The model used and the optimizations are described in the references below. Total sulfate contents up to several weight percent can be calculated in slags when:

[X(Na₂O) + X(K₂O)] < 0.5 and X_Al2O3 < 0.5.

Data were optimized only for:

Na₂O-SiO₂                              0.2 < X(Na₂O) < 0.5                           1100-1300^oC

CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃                     various compositions                         1500-1650^oC

SiO₂-CaO-Na₂O                      X(Na₂O) < 0.16, X(CaO) < 0.2           1100-1200^oC

Na₂SO₄ solubility in Na₂O-SiO₂

K₂SO₄ solubility in acid slags

For other components, calculations are a priori from the model. Output of Equilib gives sulfates grouped as “components” Na₂SO₄, CaSO₄, etc. This is only a formalism. The model treats dissolved sulfate ion as not associated with any particular cation.

References: 2007, 2017

 [FToxid-SLAGC] C-Slag-liq

Oxide liquid/glass containing phosphate

SLAGC has been eliminated in FactSage 7.0. The solubility of P₂O₅ in oxide liquid/glass is now more accurately described by SLAGA.

[FToxid-SLAGD] D-Slag-liq

Oxide liquid/glass containing carbonate

Oxides of: Al,As,B,Ca,K,Mg,Na,Si,Ti(III),Ti(IV),Zr

+ CO₃ in solution (< 40 weight %)

Possible miscibility gap at high SiO₂ contents.  Use I option.

Note that equilibria between slags/glasses containing Na₂O or B₂O₃ and other oxide phases will be calculated more accurately with FToxid-SLAGA than with FToxid-SLAGD.

CO₃ solubilities can be calculated for slags containing oxide components other than those in the list above by using FToxid-SLAG?. However, this is not recommended.

Among the oxide components, not all binary and ternary sub-systems have been evaluated and optimized, nor are all composition regions covered.  Scroll up to see the description of FToxid-SLAGA for more details.

It is recommended that you calculate the solubilities of non-oxide components (S, SO₄, PO₄, CO₃, etc.) in a series of separate calculations using FToxid-SLAGA, SLAGB, SLAGC,....................... etc. rather than trying to calculate all the solubilities simultaneously with FToxid-SLAG?

The model used and the optimizations are described in the reference below. Total carbonate up to nearly pure carbonate can be calculated in basic slags. Calculations will be best in basic slags.

Data were optimized only for:

Na₂O-SiO₂ and K₂O-SiO₂ at 1200^oC for X(SiO2) / [X(M₂O) + X(SiO₂)] < 0.5 where M = Na or K

CaO-Al₂O₃ at 1500^oC for X(CaO) / [X(CaO) + X(Al₂O₃)] = 0.6 to 0.7

Na₂O-B₂O₃ at 1200^oC for X(SiO₂) / [X(Na₂O) + X(BO_1.5)] < 0.6

at P(CO₂) =1 atm. For other components calculations are a priori from the model. Output of Equilib gives carbonates grouped as “components” Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, etc. This is only a formalism. The model treats dissolved carbonate ion as not associated with any particular cation.

References: 2007, 2017

[FToxid-SLAGE] E-Slag-liq

Oxide liquid/glass containing water/hydroxide

Oxides of: Al,As,B,Ca,Fe(II),Fe(III),K,Mg,Mn(II),Na,Si,Ti(III),Ti(IV),Zn,Zr

+ OH/H₂O in dilute solution (< 10 weight %)

Possible miscibility gap at high SiO₂ contents.  Use I option.

Note that equilibria between slags/glasses containing Na₂O or B₂O₃ and other oxide phases will be calculated more accurately with FToxid-SLAGA than with FToxid-SLAGE.

Water/OH solubilities can be calculated for slags containing oxide components other than those in the list above by using FToxid-SLAG?. However, this is not recommended.

Among the oxide components, not all binary and ternary sub-systems have been evaluated and optimized, nor are all composition regions covered.  Scroll up to see the description of FToxid-SLAGA for more details.

It is recommended that you calculate the solubilities of non-oxide components (S, SO₄, PO₄, CO₃, water/OH,................ etc.) in a series of separate calculations using FToxid-SLAGA, SLAGB, SLAGC, etc. rather than trying to calculate all the solubilities simultaneously with FToxid-SLAG?.

For basic slags, a model of OH solubility similar to that described in the references below is used. For acid slags, H₂O is treated as a quasichemical component bonded to the silicate network. Total water content in dilute solution can be calculated for slags where:

[X(CaO) + X(Na₂O) + X(MgO)] < 0.7 and X(Na₂O) < 0.5

Data were optimized only for:

Na₂O-SiO₂                              0.1 < X(Na₂O) < 0.5                           1300^oC

CaO-Al₂O₃                              0.5 < X(CaO) < 0.75                           1600-1700^oC

CaO-SiO2                               0.3 < X(CaO) < 0.6                             1600^oC

FeO-SiO₂                                0.5 < X(FeO) < 1.0                             1600^oC

CaO-MgO-SiO₂                      0.3 < X(SiO₂) < 0.6    

CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂

3CaO.SiO₂ with Al₂O₃, TiO₂ and B₂O₃ additions

Al₂O₃-CaO-MgO

SiO₂-CaO-FeO

CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-FeO                                                               1600^oC

For other components calculations are a priori from the model. Output of Equilib gives some dissolved water as the hydroxide “components” NaOH, Ca(OH)₂, etc. This is only a formalism. Hydroxide ion is treated as not associated with any particular cation. On output, some water is shown as the component H₂O. This is the part of the total dissolved water which is modeled as bonded to the network.

References: 2007, 2017, 2043

[FToxid-SLAGF] F-Slag-liq

Oxide liquid/glass containing iodide

Oxides of: Al,As,B,Ca,Fe(II),K,Mg,Mn(II),Na,Si,Ti(III),Ti(IV),Zr

    + I in dilute solution (< 10 weight %)

Possible miscibility gap at high SiO₂ contents.  Use I option.

Note that equilibria between slags/glasses containing Na₂O or B₂O₃ and other oxide phases will be calculated more accurately with FToxid-SLAGA than with FToxid-SLAGF.

Iodide solubilities can be calculated for slags containing oxide components other than those in the list above by using FToxid-SLAG?. However, this is not recommended.

Among the oxide components, not all binary and ternary sub-systems have been evaluated and optimized, nor are all composition regions covered.  Scroll up to see the description of FToxid-SLAGA for more details.

It is recommended that you calculate the solubilities of non-oxide components (S, I, SO₄, PO₄, CO₃, etc.) in a series of separate calculations using FToxid-SLAGA, SLAGB, SLAGC,...... etc. rather than trying to calculate all the solubilities simultaneously with FToxid-SLAG?.

The model used and optimizations are described in the reference below. Total iodide contents can be calculated up to a few weight percent. Calculations will be best in acidic slags. Data were optimized only for NaI solubilities in a 57 wt % SiO₂, 5% B₂O₃, 20% Na₂O, 12% Al₂O₃, 4% CaO slag. Otherwise, calculations are a priori from the model.  Output of EQUILIB will give halides grouped as the “components” NaI, CaI₂, etc. This is only a formalism. The model actually considers dissolved iodide ions as not associated with any particular cations.

References: 2007, 2017

[FToxid-SLAGG] G-Slag-liq

Oxide liquid/glass containing carbide, nitride and cyanide

FToxid-SLAGG has been removed in FactSage 6.4.  For calculations of solubilities of C and N in oxide melts, use the FTOxCN database.

[FToxid-SLAGH] H-Slag-liq

Oxide liquid/glass containing fluoride and chloride

Oxides of: Al,As,B,Ca,Co,Cr(II),Cr(III),Cu(I),Fe(II),Fe(III),Ge,K,Mg,Mn(II),Na,Ni,Pb,Si,Sn,Ti(III),Ti(IV),Zn,Zr + (F, Cl in dilute solution (<10%))

(The composition limit of CaF₂ can be extended to approximately 50 mol% for calculations of the solidification path of cuspidine (3CaO)(2SiO₂)(CaF₂) in the CaO-SiO₂-CaF₂ ternary system.)

Possible miscibility gap at high SiO₂ contents.  Use I option.

Oxyfluoride liquid Ca,Mg,Na,Al,Si,(K,Li)//O,F is more accurately described by FToxid-SLAGA, which can calculate simultaneously the solubility of fluorides and sulfides and can calculate phase equilibria up to 50% of fluorides plus sulfides. However, SLAGH allows calculating the solubility of fluorides and chlorides simultaneously.

Note that equilibria between slags/glasses containing Na₂O or B₂O₃ and other oxide phases will be calculated more accurately with FToxid-SLAGA than with FToxid-SLAGH. Furthermore, Li₂O, SrO and BaO are not components of FToxid-SLAGH.

Among the oxide components, not all binary and ternary sub-systems have been evaluated and optimized, nor are all composition regions covered.  Scroll up to see the description of FToxid-SLAGA for more details.

It is recommended that you calculate the solubilities of non-oxide components (S, I, SO₄, PO₄, CO₃, etc.) in a series of separate calculations using FToxid-SLAGA, SLAGB, SLAGC,...... etc. rather than trying to calculate all the solubilities simultaneously with FToxid-SLAG?.

The model used and optimizations are described in the references below. Total chloride and fluoride contents can be calculated up to a few weight percent. Calculations will be best in acidic slags. For slags containing large amounts of CrO, Cr₂O₃ or Fe₂O₃, better calculations of chloride and fluoride solubilities will be obtained with FToxid-SLAG?.  Data were optimized only for NaCl, CaCl₂,  NaF, MgF₂ and CaF₂ solubilities in a 57 wt % SiO₂, 5% B₂O₃, 20% Na₂O, 12% Al₂O₃, 4% CaO slag. Otherwise, calculations are a priori from the model.  Output of EQUILIB will give halides grouped as the “components” NaCl, CaCl₂, NaF, CaF₂, etc. This is only a formalism. The model actually considers dissolved halide ions as not associated with any particular cations.

References: 2007, 2017, 2041

[FToxid-SLAG?] ?-SLAG-liq

Oxide liquid/glass

Because of the complexity of the models involved, the use of FToxid-SLAG? is not encouraged. Unless you carefully follow the instructions about removing certain components from the component list, completely erroneous calculations can result.

Instead, use FToxid-SLAGA which contains all the oxide components as well as S and F in dilute solution.  That is, FToxid-SLAGA is equivalent to FToxid-SLAG? except for the calculation of the solubilities of SO₄, PO₄, CO₃, H₂O/OH, I, Cl, F, C, N, and CN.  To calculate these solubilities, it is recommended that you use FToxid-SLAGB, SLAGC, SLAGD, etc. in a series of separate calculations, rather than trying to calculate them all simultaneously with FToxid-SLAG?. The use of FToxid-SLAG? may however give somewhat better estimations of sulfide solubility in the presence of Cr(II) and of F and Cl solubilities in the presence of Cr(II), Cr(III) and Fe(III).

Note further that equilibria between slags/glasses containing Na₂O or B₂O₃ and other oxide phases will be calculated more accurately with FToxid-SLAGA than with FToxid-SLAG?. Furthermore, Li₂O, SrO and BaO are not components of FToxid-SLAG?.

[FToxid- OXFL] Liq-Oxyfluoride

Oxide liquid/glass containing fluoride

This solution has been eliminated in FactSage 7.3 and replaced with FToxid-SLAGA.

[FToxid-SPINA] A-Spinel

OXIDE Spinel (Cubic)

AB₂O₄-type cubic spinel solution containing Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Mg-Ni-Zn-O

(2+ and 3+ oxidation states only)

Mineralogical names: Spinel (MgAl₂O₄), Magnetite (Fe₃O₄), Hercynite (FeAl₂O₄), Gahnite (ZnAl₂O₄), Magnesioferrite (MgFe₂O₄), Franklinite (ZnFe₂O₄), Trevorite (NiFe₂O₄), Magnesiochromite (MgCr₂O₄), Chromite (FeCr₂O₄), Pleonaste (MgAl₂O₄ – FeAl₂O₄).

Distribution of cations over tetrahedral and octahedral sites, as well as vacancies on the octahedral sites (oxygen non-stoichiometry), are taken into account as follows:

(Al,Co(II),Co(III),Cr(II),Cr(III),Fe(II),Fe(III),Mg,Ni(II),Zn)[Al,Co(II),Co(III),Cr(III),

Fe(II),Fe(III),Mg,Ni,Zn,Vacancy]₂O₄

Evaluated and optimized over all compositions.

Mn is not a component of FToxid-SPINA and so the calculated content of Mn will always be zero if you use FToxid-SPINA.  For spinels containing appreciable amounts of Mn, use FToxid-SPINB.

Possible miscibility gap between Al-rich, Cr(III)-rich and Fe(III)-rich spinels. (Use I option).

Also use I option for MgO-Al₂O₃ spinel.

References: 2010, 2019, 2020, 2024, 2025, 2028, 2029, 2030, 6008, 6009, 6013

References: 6016, 6020, 6021, 6029, 6031, 6033

[FToxid-SPINB] B-Spinel

OXIDE Spinel (Cubic)

AB₂O₄   cubic spinel containing Mn(II)-Mn(III)-Mn(IV)-Fe(II)-Fe(III)-Cr(II)-Cr(III)-Mg(II)-Al(III)-O

Mineralogical names:  Magnetite (Fe₃O₄), Manganoferrite (MnFe₂O₄), Manganochromite (MnCr₂O₄), Chromite (FeCr₂O₄), Galaxite (MnAl₂O₄).

Oxides of elements other than Mn, Fe, Cr, Mg and Al are not components of FToxid-SPINB, and so the calculated contents of any other oxides will always be zero if you use FToxid-SPINB.  For systems containing other oxides, use FToxid-SPINA.

Evaluated and optimized over all compositions.

FToxid-SPINB replaces FToxid-AlSp, which has been eliminated in FactSage 7.3.

References: 2035, 2036, 2037, 2040

[FToxid-SPINC] C-Spinel

OXIDE Spinel (Cubic)

AB₂O₄   cubic spinel containing Al-Ca-Co(II)-Co(III)-Cu(II)-Fe(II)-Fe(III)-Mg-Ni(II)-Zn-O

Oxides of elements other than Al,Ca,Co,Cu,Fe,Mg,Ni, and Zn are not components of FToxid-SPINC, and so the calculated contents of any other oxides will always be zero if you use FToxid-SPINC.  For systems containing Cr, use FToxid-SPINA, FToxid-SPINB or FToxid-CaSp.

References: 2099, 2135, 2136, 2137, 2138

[FToxid-SPIN?] ?-Spinel

OXIDE Spinel (Cubic)

Never select FToxid-SPIN? as erroneous calculations will almost certainly result. 

[FToxid-AlSp] Al-Spinel

Oxide solution – aluminate spinel containing Mn

This solution has been eliminated in FactSage 7.3 and replaced by FToxid-SPINB.

[FToxid-CaSp] CaSpinel

OXIDE solution – calcium spinel

CaCr₂O₄ – CaFe₂O₄ solid solution

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: CaCr₂O₄ (S1) and CaFe₂O₄ (S1).

References: 2010

[FToxid-SPLA] MgAl2O4-LiAl5O8

OXIDE solution – Lithium spinel

LiAl₅O₈-MgAl₂O₄ solid solution

[FToxid-SP-V] MgAl2O4-LiAl5O8

OXIDE solution – Vanadium spinel

(Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Mg²⁺,Al³⁺,V³⁺)[Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Mg²⁺,Al³⁺,V³⁺,Va]₂O₄ solid solution

In the absence of vanadium, it is identical to A-Spinel.

[FToxid-TiSp] Titania_Spinel

OXIDE solution – titania spinel (cubic)

(Mg,Fe(II),Fe(III),Mn(II),Al)[Mg,Fe(II),Fe(III),Mn(II),Mn(III),Mn(IV),Al,Ti(III),Ti(IV),Va)]₂O₄

This is treated as a separate phase from FToxid-SPIN.

Use FToxid-TiSp only for Ti-rich solutions.  (Otherwise use FToxid-SPIN or the other spinel solutions mentioned above.)

Possible miscibility gap. (Use I option.)

References: 2005, 2009, 2014, 2033, 2034, 2041, 2054

[FToxid-TSpi] Tetragonal spinel

OXIDE solution – Tetragonal spinel

Low-temperature Mn₃O₄ dissolving Fe, Cr, Al, Mg and Ti.

[Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺,Mn³⁺,Cr²⁺,Cr³⁺,Al³⁺,Mg²⁺][Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Mn²⁺,Mn³⁺,Cr³⁺,Al³⁺,Mg²⁺,Ti⁴⁺,Va]₂O₄

Mineralogical name:  Hausmanite

References: 2035, 2036, 2037, 2040

[FToxid-MeO_A] A-Monoxide

OXIDE monoxide (rocksalt structure) solution

Approved sub-system of FToxid-MeO_

Note that the former phase FToxid-MONO has now been combined with FToxid-MeO and merged into it.

Fe(II)O, CaO, MgO, SrO, BaO, Mn(II)O, NiO, CoO at all compositions +

(Al, Fe(III), Cr(III), Mn(III), Cu, Li, Na, Ti(III), Ti(IV), Zn, Zr  in dilute amounts)

Mineralogical names: Wustite (Fe_xO), Lime (CaO), Periclase (MgO), Magnesiowustite (MgO-Fe_xO), Manganowustite (Mn-Fe)_xO, Manganosite (Mn_xO).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: CaO, MgO, SrO, BaO, MnO, NiO, and CoO solids.

Evaluated and optimized at all compositions.

Can be used for wustite (Fe_xO) solutions at all oxygen contents.  However, V₂O₃ is not included in FToxid-MeO_A and so the calculated contents of V₂O₃ will always be zero if you use FToxid-MeO_A. If V₂O₃ is present in appreciable amount, use FToxid-MeO_D.

If CaO, SrO or BaO are present, there is a possible miscibility gap.  (Use I option.)

References: 2010, 2019, 2020, 2023, 2024, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2032, 2033, 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2051, 2099

References: 6009, 6013, 6016, 6020, 6021, 6026, 6029, 6031

[FToxid-MeO_B] B-Monoxide

OXIDE monoxide (rocksalt structure) solution

In FactSage 8.3, Mn(III) was added to FToxid-MeO_A and FToxid-MeO_B was eliminated.

[FToxid-MeO_C] C-Monoxide

OXIDE monoxide (rocksalt structure) solution

In FactSage 8.2, copper was added to FToxid-MeO_A and FToxid-MeO_C was eliminated.

[FToxid-MeO_D] D-Monoxide

OXIDE monoxide (rocksalt structure) solution

Approved sub-system of FToxid-MeO_

Magnesiowustite with V₂O₃ in dilute solution

Fe(II)O and MgO at all compositions + (Fe(III) and V(III) in dilute amounts)

Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu and Ti are not components of FToxid-MeO_D and so the calculated contents of these oxides will always be zero if you use FToxid-MeO_D.  If these components are present in appreciable amounts, use FToxid-MeO_A.

[FToxid-MeO_?] ?-Monoxide

OXIDE monoxide (rocksalt structure) solution

Note that the former phase FToxid-MONO has now been combined with FToxid-MeO and merged into it.

 Fe(II)O, CaO, MgO, SrO, BaO, Mn(II)O, NiO, CoO at all compositions +

(Al, Cu(II), Fe(III), Cr(III), Mn(III), Li, Na, Ti(III), Ti(IV), V, Zn, Zr  in dilute amounts)

Mineralogical names: Wustite (Fe_xO), Lime (CaO), Periclase (MgO), Magnesiowustite (MgO-Fe_xO).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: CaO, MgO, SrO, BaO, NiO, CoO and MnO solids.

If CaO, SrO or BaO are present, there is a possible miscibility gap.  (Use I option.)

References: 2010, 2019, 2020, 2023, 2024, 2027, 2028, 2029, 2030, 2032, 2033, 2051

References: 2035, 2036, 2037, 2038, 2099

References: 6009, 6013, 6016, 6020, 6021, 6026, 6029, 6031

[FToxid-cPyrA] A-Clinopyroxene

OXIDE solution – clinopyroxene

MSiO₃ – MAl₂SiO₆ – MFe₂SiO₆ solution (where: M = Fe(II), Ca, Mg)

Mineralogical names: Clino-enstatite (MgSiO₃), (Metastable) clino-ferrosilite (FeSiO₃), Diopside (CaMgSi₂O₆), Hedenbergite (CaFeSi₂O₆), Esseneite (CaFe³⁺AlSiO₆), Ca-Tschermak (CaAl₂SiO₆); Pigeonite:  (Ca,Fe(II),Mg)[Mg,Fe(II)]Si₂O₆; Augite: (Ca)[Mg,Fe(II),Al]{Al,Si}₂O₆.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: CaMgSi₂O₆, CaFeSi₂O₆ and CaAl₂SiO₆ solids, FeSiO₃ (S1).

Distribution of cations over the three cation sites is taken into account as follows:

(Ca,Fe(II),Mg)[Mg,Fe(II),Fe(III),Al]{Al,Fe(III),Si}SiO₆

Evaluated and optimized at all compositions.

Possible miscibility gap when Ca is present. (Use I option.)

References: 2020, 2031, 2032

[FToxid-cPyrB] B-Clinopyroxene

OXIDE solution – clinopyroxene

A complete solid solution between CaM²⁺Si₂O₆ and CaN²⁺Si₂O₆ with a limited solubility of M²⁺SiO₃, where M²⁺ and N²⁺ are Mg, Fe, Ni, Zn, Mn.

Mineralogical names: Clino-enstatite (MgSiO₃), (Metastable) clino-ferrosilite (FeSiO3), Diopside (CaMgSi₂O₆), Hedenbergite (CaFeSi2O6), Niopside (CaNiSi₂O₆), Petedunnite  (CaZnSi₂O₆), Johannsenite (CaMnSi₂O₆).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: CaMgSi₂O₆, CaFeSi₂O₆, MgSiO₃, FeSiO₃ and CaNiSi₂O₆.

Distribution of cations over the cation sites is taken into account as follows:

(Ca,Mg,Fe,Ni,Zn,Mn)[Mg,Fe,Ni,Zn,Mn]Si₂O₆

Possible miscibility gap when Ca is present. (Use I option.)

References: 2020, 2031, 2032

[FToxid-cPyrC] C-Clinopyroxene

OXIDE solution – clinopyroxene

MSiO₃ – MAl₂SiO₆ – NaAlSi₂O₆ solution (where: M = Fe(II), Ca, Sr, Mg)

Mineralogical names: Clino-enstatite (MgSiO₃), (Metastable) clino-ferrosilite (FeSiO₃), Diopside (CaMgSi₂O₆), Hedenbergite (CaFeSi₂O₆), Esseneite (CaFe³⁺AlSiO₆), Ca-Tschermak (CaAl₂SiO₆); Pigeonite:  (Ca,Fe(II),Mg)[Mg,Fe(II)]Si₂O₆; Augite: (Ca)[Mg,Fe(II),Al]{Al,Si}₂O₆, Jadeite (NaAlSi₂O₆).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: CaMgSi₂O₆, CaFeSi₂O₆, CaAl₂SiO₆ and NaAlSi₂O₆ solids, FeSiO₃ (S1).

Distribution of cations over the three cation sites is taken into account as follows:

(Ca,Sr,Mg,Fe(II),Na)[Mg,Fe(II),Al]{Al,Si}SiO₆

Evaluated and optimized at all compositions.

Possible miscibility gap when Ca is present. (Use I option.)

[FToxid-cPyrD] D-Clinopyroxene

OXIDE solution – clinopyroxene

MSiO₃ – MAl₂SiO₆ – MFe₂SiO₆ – NaAlSi₂O₆ – NaFeSi₂O₆ solution (where: M = Fe(II))

Mineralogical names: Clino-enstatite (MgSiO₃), (Metastable) clino-ferrosilite (FeSiO₃), Aegirine (NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆), Jadeite (NaAlSi₂O₆).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: NaFeSi₂O₆ and NaAlSi₂O₆ solids, FeSiO₃ (S1).

Distribution of cations over the three cation sites is taken into account as follows:

(Fe(II),Na)[Fe(II),Fe(III),Al]{Al,Fe(III),Si}SiO₆

Evaluated and optimized at all compositions.

[FToxid-cPyr?] ?-Clinopyroxene

OXIDE solution – clinopyroxene

Never select FToxid-cPyr? as erroneous calculations will almost certainly result.

[FToxid-oPyrA] A-Orthopyroxene

OXIDE solution – orthopyroxene

MSiO₃ – MAl₂SiO₆ – MFe₂SiO₆ solution (where: M = Fe(II), Ca, Mg)

Mineralogical names: Ortho-enstatite (MgSiO₃), (Metastable) ortho-ferrosilite (FeSiO₃).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: MgSiO₃(S2), FeSiO₃ (S3).

Distribution of cations over the three cation sites is taken into account as follows:

(Ca,Fe(II),Mg)[Mg,Fe(II),Fe(III),Al]{Al,Fe(III),Si}SiO₆

Evaluated and optimized at all compositions.

Possible miscibility gap when Ca is present. (Use I option.)

References: 2020, 2031, 2032

[FToxid-oPyrB] B-Orthopyroxene

OXIDE solution – orthopyroxene

(Mg, Mn(II), Fe(II), Ca, Ni, Zn)SiO₃ solution, MgSiO₃-rich.

[FToxid-oPyr?] ?-Orthopyroxene

OXIDE solution – orthopyroxene

Never select FToxid-oPyr? as erroneous calculations will almost certainly result.

[FToxid-pPyrA] A-Protopyroxene

OXIDE solution – protopyroxene

MSiO₃ – MAl₂SiO₆ – MFe₂SiO₆ solution  (where: M = Fe(II), Ca, Mg)

Mineralogical names: Proto-enstatite (MgSiO₃).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: MgSiO₃(S3).

Distribution of cations over the three cation sites is taken into account as follows:

(Ca,Fe(II),Mg)[Mg,Fe(II),Fe(III),Al]{Al,Fe(III),Si}SiO₆

Evaluated and optimized at all compositions.

Ni and Zn are not components of FToxid-pPyrA and so the calculated content of Ni and Zn will always be zero if you use FToxid-pPyrA.  If Ni is present in appreciable amounts, use FToxid-pPyrB.  If Zn is present in appreciable amounts, use FToxid-pPyrC.

Possible miscibility gap when Ca is present. (Use I option.)

References: 2020, 2031, 2032

[FToxid-pPyrB] B-Protopyroxene

OXIDE solution – protopyroxene

(Mg, Mn(II), Fe(II), Ca, Ni, Zn)SiO₃ solution, MgSiO₃-rich.

Mineralogical names: Proto-enstatite (MgSiO₃).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: MgSiO₃(S3).

Distribution of cations over the cation sites is taken into account as follows:

(Ca,Mg,Fe(II),Ni,Zn,Mn)[Mg,Fe(II),Ni,Zn,Mn]Si₂O₆

Fe(III) and Al are not components of FToxid-pPyrB and so the calculated content of Fe(III) and Al will always be zero if you use FToxid-pPyrB.  If Fe(III) or Al is present in appreciable amounts, use FToxid-pPyrA.

References: 2020, 2031, 2032

[FToxid-pPyr?] ?-Protopyroxene

OXIDE solution – protopyroxene

Never select FToxid-pPyr? as erroneous calculations will almost certainly result.

[FToxid-LcPy] LowClinopyroxene

OXIDE solution – low clinopyroxene

CaMgSi₂O₆ – Mg₂Si₂O₆ solid solution (low clinopyroxene structure)

Mineralogical names: Low-clinoenstatite (MgSiO₃).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: MgSiO₃(S1).

Distribution of Mg and Ca over the cation sites is taken into account as follows:

(Ca,Mg)[Mg]Si₂O₆

The solubilities of Fe and Al in this phase are very small and assumed negligible.

Possible miscibility gap. (Use I option.)

References: 2032

[FToxid-Rhod] Rhodonite

OXIDE solution – rhodonite

MnSiO₃ + (CaSiO₃, CoSiO₃, FeSiO₃, MgSiO₃, NiSiO₃ in dilute amounts)

Mineralogical names: Rhodonite (MnSiO₃)

The former FToxid-MnPy phase has now been merged into FToxid-Rhod as these are the same phase and the structure is not that of pyroxene.

Valid only if rich in MnSiO₃.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: MnSiO₃ solid.

References: 2027, 2038, 2040, 6026

[FToxid-P-Mn] Pyroxmangite

OXIDE solution – pyroxmangite

MnSiO₃ - MgSiO₃ solution stable at ~10-50 mol % MnSiO₃

[FToxid-Bixb] Bixbyite

OXIDE solution – Bixbyite

Orthorhombic Mn₂O₃ + (Fe₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, Al₂O₃ in dilute amounts)

End members in pure compound database FToxidbase.cdb:  Mn₂O₃(S2)

References: 2035, 2036, 2037, 2040

[FToxid-Brau] Braunite

OXIDE solution – Braunite

Non-stoichiometric Mn₇SiO₁₂ with excess Mn₂O₃, dissolving Mg:

[(Mn₂,MgSi)₃O₉]{(Mn₂,MnSi)O₃}

References:  2038, 2040

[FToxid-WOLL] Wollastonite

OXIDE solution – Wollastonite

CaSiO₃ with MgSiO₃, FeSiO₃, MnSiO₃, SrSiO₃ and BaSiO₃ in solution.

Mineralogical names: Wollastonite (CaSiO₃)

Valid only if rich in CaSiO₃.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: CaSiO₃(S1).

References: 2027, 2032, 6026

[FToxid-Bred] Bredigite

OXIDE solution – Bredigite

Ca₃(Ca,Mg)₄Mg(SiO₄)₄ – a solid solution originating from Ca₇Mg(SiO₄)₄ by substitution of some Ca by Mg.

Mineralogical names: Bredigite

[FToxid-aC2SA] A-a-(Ca,Sr)2SiO4

OXIDE solution  alpha-(Ca,Sr)₂SiO₄

(Ca,Sr)₂SiO₄ + (Mg₂SiO₄, Fe₂SiO₄, Mn₂SiO₄, Ba₂SiO₄, Ca₃B₂O₆  in dilute amounts)

Either Ca₂SiO₄ or Sr₂SiO₄ must be present.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₂SiO₄(S3), Sr₂SiO₄(S3).

Phosphorus is not a component of FToxid-aC2SA and so the calculated phosphorus content will always be zero if you use FToxid-aC2SA.  For solutions containing appreciable amounts of phosphorus, use FToxid-C2SP.

Never select both FToxid-C2SP and FToxid-aC2SA simultaneously.

References: 2027, 2032, 2045, 6026

[FToxid- aC2SB] B-a-(Ca,Sr)2SiO4

OXIDE solution  alpha-(Ca,Sr)₂SiO₄

Fictitious solubility of CaF₂ in alpha-Ca₂SiO₄ was introduced to reproduce the liquidus of Ca₂SiO₄ in the CaO-SiO₂-CaF₂ system.

Ca₂SiO₄ + (CaF₂, Mg₂SiO₄, Fe₂SiO₄, Mn₂SiO₄, K₄SiO₄, Li₄SiO₄, in dilute amounts)

Ca₂SiO₄ must be present.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₂SiO₄(S2).

[FToxid-bC2SA] A-a'(Ca,Sr,Ba)2SiO4

OXIDE solution  alpha-prime (Ca,Sr,Ba)₂SiO₄

Ca₂SiO₄ – Sr₂SiO₄ – Ba₂SiO₄ solution + (Mg₂SiO₄, Fe₂SiO₄, Mn₂SiO₄, Pb₂SiO₄, Zn₂SiO₄, Ca₃B₂O₆ in dilute amounts)

Ca₂SiO₄, Sr₂SiO₄ or Ba₂SiO₄ must be present.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₂SiO₄(S2), Sr₂SiO₄(S2) and Ba₂SiO₄(S1).

References: 2015, 2027, 2032, 2045, 2047, 6009, 6013, 6016, 6020, 6021, 6026

[FToxid-bC2SB] B-a'(Ca,Sr,Ba)2SiO4

OXIDE solution  alpha-prime (Ca,Sr,Ba)₂SiO₄

Fictitious solubility of CaF₂ in alpha-prime Ca₂SiO₄ was introduced to reproduce the liquidus of Ca₂SiO₄ in the CaO-SiO₂-CaF₂ system.

Ca₂SiO₄ + (CaF₂, Mg₂SiO₄, Fe₂SiO₄, Mn₂SiO₄, Pb₂SiO₄, Zn₂SiO₄ in dilute amounts)

Ca₂SiO₄ must be present.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₂SiO₄(S2).

[FToxid-bC2SC] C-a'(Ca,Sr,Ba)2SiO4

OXIDE solution  alpha-prime (Ca,Sr,Ba)₂SiO₄

Ca₂SiO₄ + (Mg₂SiO₄, Fe₂SiO₄, K₄SiO₄, Li₄SiO₄, Ca₃B₂O₆ in dilute amounts)

Ca₂SiO₄ must be present.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₂SiO₄(S2).

[FToxid-Mel_A] A-Melilite

OXIDE solution  melilite

Distribution of cations over the three cation sites are taken into account as follows:

(Ca,Pb)₂[Mg,Fe(II),Fe(III),Al,Zn]{Al,Fe(III),Si}₂O₇

Mineralogical names: Akermanite (Ca₂MgSi₂O₇), Iron-akermanite (Ca₂FeSi₂O₇), Gehlenite (Ca₂Al₂SiO₇), Iron-gehlenite (Ca₂Fe₂SiO₇), Hardystonite (Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₂MgSi₂O₇, Ca₂FeSi₂O₇, Ca₂Al₂SiO₇, Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇, Pb₂ZnSi₂O₇.

Evaluated and optimized at all compositions where data are available.

References: 6009, 6013, 6016, 6020, 6021

[FToxid-Mel_B] B-Melilite

OXIDE solution  melilite

Distribution of cations over the three cation sites are taken into account as follows:

(Ca,Na)₂[Al]{Al,Si}₂O₇

Mineralogical names: Gehlenite (Ca₂Al₂SiO₇), Soda Melilite (CaNaAlSi₂O₇).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₂Al₂SiO₇.

Evaluated and optimized for FactSage 7.0 at all compositions where data are available.

[FToxid-Mel_C] C-Melilite

OXIDE solution  melilite

Distribution of cations over the three cation sites are taken into account as follows:

(Ca,Sr,Ba)₂[Mg,Al,B]{Al,B,Si}₂O₇

Mineralogical names: Gehlenite (Ca₂Al₂SiO₇), Akermanite (Ca₂MgSi₂O₇), Okayamalite (Ca₂B₂SiO₇), Ba-akermanite (Ba₂MgSi₂O₇), Sr-akermanite (Sr₂MgSi₂O₇), Sr-gehlenite (Sr₂Al₂SiO₇).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₂MgSi₂O₇, Ca₂Al₂SiO₇, Ca₂B₂SiO₇, Ba₂MgSi₂O₇, Sr₂MgSi₂O₇, Sr₂Al₂SiO₇.

This is the result of integration of the FToxid-Gehl solution into general melilite for FactSage 7.0. FToxid-Gehl has been removed.

Evaluated and optimized at all compositions where data are available.

References: 2045

[FToxid-Mel_D] D-Melilite

OXIDE solution  melilite

Distribution of cations over the three cation sites are taken into account as follows:

(Ca)₂[Ni,Fe(II),Mg,Zn]{Si}₂O₇

Mineralogical names: Akermanite (Ca₂MgSi₂O₇), Iron-akermanite (Ca₂FeSi₂O₇), Hardystonite (Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₂MgSi₂O₇, Ca₂ZnSi₂O₇, Ca₂FeSi₂O₇.

Evaluated and optimized at all compositions where data are available.

References: 2092, 2103,

[FToxid-Mel_?] ?-Melilite

OXIDE solution  melilite

Never select FToxid- Mel_? as erroneous calculations will almost certainly result.

[FToxid-OlivA] A-Olivine

OXIDE solution    olivine

Mg₂SiO₄-Ca₂SiO₄-Fe₂SiO₄-Mn₂SiO₄-Co₂SiO₄-Ni₂SiO₄-Zn₂SiO₄ solution

Distribution of cations over the two cation sites is taken into account as follows:

(Ca,Fe,Mg,Mn,Co,Ni,Zn)[ Ca,Fe,Mg,Mn,Co,Ni,Zn]SiO₄

Mineralogical names: Forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄), Fayalite (Fe₂SiO₄), Tephroite (Mn₂SiO₄), Monticellite (CaMgSiO₄), Kirschsteinite (CaFeSiO₄), Larnite (Ca₂SiO₄)

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Mg₂SiO₄(S1), Fe₂SiO₄(S1), Ca₂SiO₄(S1), Co₂SiO₄(S1), Ni₂SiO₄(S1), Mn₂SiO₄(S1).

Evaluated and optimized at all compositions.

Cr₂SiO₄ and Li₄SiO₄ are not components of FToxid-OlivA and so if you use FToxid-OlivA the contents of Cr and Li will always be calculated as zero.  If Cr or Li is present, use FToxid-OlivB or FToxid-OlivC.

Possible miscibility gap when Ca₂SiO₄ or Ni₂SiO₄ are present. (Use I option.)

References: 2018, 2020, 2027, 2031, 2032, 2038, 2040, 2063, 2066, 2092, 2103, 6016, 6026

[FToxid-OlivB] B-Olivine

OXIDE solution   olivine

Mg₂SiO₄ with Cr₂SiO₄ in solution

Distribution of cations over the two cation sites is taken into account as follows:

(Mg,Cr)[Mg,Cr]SiO₄

Mineralogical names: Forsterite (Mg₂SiO₄)

Mg₂SiO₄ and Cr₂SiO₄ are the only components of FToxid-OlivB.  If other elements are present, use FToxid-OlivA.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Mg₂SiO₄(S1)

References: 2056

[FToxid-OlivC] C-Olivine

OXIDE solution   olivine

Ca₂SiO₄ with Li₄SiO₄ in solution

Distribution of cations over the two cation sites is taken into account as follows:

(Ca,Li₂)[Ca,Li₂]SiO₄

Mineralogical names: Larnite (Ca₂SiO₄)

Ca₂SiO₄ and Li₄SiO₄ are the only components of FToxid-OlivC.  If other elements are present, use FToxid-OlivA.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₂SiO₄(S1)

[FToxid-Oliv?] ?-Olivine

OXIDE solution   olivine

Never select FToxid-Oliv? as erroneous calculations will certainly result. 

[FToxid-Cord] Cordierite

OXIDE solution – cordierite

Al₄Fe₂Si₅O₁₈ – Al₄Mg₂Si₅O₁₈ solution

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Al₄Fe₂Si₅O₁₈ and Al₄Mg₂Si₅O₁₈ solids.

[FToxid-Mull] Mullite

OXIDE solution – mullite with borate in solution

Solid solution of non-stoichiometric mullite with B₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ in solution.

Replaces former FToxid-MulF and FToxid-MULL.

[Al,Fe]₂[Al,Si,B,Fe][O,Va]₅

Possible miscibility gap. (Use I option.)

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Al₆Si₂O₁₃ solid.

References: 2004, 2025, 2044, 2047, 2055, 6009, 6020

[FToxid-CORU] M2O3 (Corundum)

OXIDE solution – Corundum structure

Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃-Fe₂O₃-V₂O₃ + (Mn₂O₃, Ti₂O₃, V₂O₄, NiO in dilute amounts) corundum structure solution

Mineralogical names: Corundum (Al₂O₃), Hematite (Fe₂O₃), Eskolite (Cr₂O₃)

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Al₂O₃(S4), Fe₂O₃(S1), Cr₂O₃(S1), V₂O₃(S1).

Fully evaluated and optimized at all compositions (dilute in Mn₂O₃, Ti₂O₃, V₂O₄ and NiO) except when Ti₂O₃ is present simultaneously with Cr₂O₃ or with V₂O₃).

Possible miscibility gap (Use I option.)

References: 2010, 2025, 2035, 2037, 2040, 2139, 6008

[FToxid-CAFS] Ca2(Al,Fe)8SiO16

OXIDE solution

(CaO)₂(Al₂O₃)₄SiO₂ – (CaO)₂(Fe₂O₃)₄SiO₂ solid solution

X-phase

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: CaAl₁₂O₁₉ solid.

[FToxid-CAF6] Ca(Al, Fe)12O19

OXIDE solution

CaAl₁₂O₁₉ with CaFe₁₂O₁₉ in solution (CaAl₁₂O₁₉-rich)

[FToxid-CAF3] Ca(Al,Fe)6O10

OXIDE solution

CaAl₆O₁₀ – CaFe₆O₁₀ solid solution

T-phase

The pure end-member components are not stable.  This solution only exists as a stable phase when both Al and Fe are present.

[FToxid-CAF2] Ca(Al,Fe)4O7

OXIDE solution

CaAl₄O₇ with CaFe₄O₇ in solution (CaAl₄O₇-rich)

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: CaAl₄O₇ solid.

[FToxid-CAF1] Ca(Al,Fe)2O4

OXIDE solution

CaAl₂O₄ – CaFe₂O₄ solid solution

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: CaAl₂O₄ and CaFe₂O₄ solids.

Possible miscibility gap (use I option).

[FToxid-C2AF] Ca2(Al,Fe)2O5

OXIDE solution

Ca₂Fe₂O₅ with Ca₂Al₂O₅ in solution (Ca₂Fe₂O₅-rich)

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₂Fe₂O₅ solid.

[FToxid-C3AF] Ca3(Al,Fe)2O6

OXIDE solution

Ca₃Al₂O₆ with Ca₃Fe₂O₆ in solution (Ca₃Al₂O₆-rich)

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₃Al₂O₆ solid.

[FToxid-GARN] Garnets

OXIDE solution – garnets

Ca₃Cr₂Si₃O₁₂ – Ca₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂ solid solution

Mineralogical names: Grossularite (Ca₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂), Uvarovite (Ca₃Cr₂Si₃O₁₂).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₃Cr₂Si₃O₁₂ and Ca₃Al₂Si₃O₁₂ solids.

[FToxid-ZNIT] Zincite

OXIDE solution - Zincite

Zincite, ZnO, containing CoO, FeO, Fe₂O₃, MgO, MnO and NiO in dilute amounts.

Valid only if rich in ZnO. Behavior of MnO assumed ideal.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: ZnO solid.

References: 2019, 6013, 6016, 6021

[FToxid-WILL] Willemite

OXIDE solution – willemite

Zn₂SiO₄ + (Fe₂SiO₄, Mg₂SiO₄ and Ni₂SiO₄ in solution)

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Zn₂SiO₄ solid.

Distribution of cations over the two cation sites is taken into account as follows:

(Zn,Fe(II),Mg,Ni)[Zn,Fe(II),Mg,Ni]SiO₄

References: 2018, 6016, 6021

 [FToxid-PbO_] PbO-ZnO

Solid PbO with ZnO in solution (PbO-rich).

Mineralogical names: Massicot.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: PbO (S2).

References: 2012

[FToxid-PCSi] Pb3M2Si3O11

OXIDE solution

Pb₃Ca₂Si₃O₁₁ – Pb₅Si₃O₁₁ solid solution

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Pb₃Ca₂Si₃O₁₁ solid.

References: 2015, 6013

[FToxid-Qrtz] Quartz

OXIDE solution – quartz

SiO₂-GeO₂ solid solution with quartz structure.

Valid at all compositions.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: SiO₂(S2) and GeO₂(S2).

References: 2022

[FToxid-TiO2] Rutile

OXIDE solution – rutile

TiO₂(rutile) + (Ti₂O₃, ZrO₂, Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, MnO in dilute solution)

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: TiO₂ (S1).

References: 2005, 2009, 2014, 2033, 2034

[FToxid-ILME] Ilmenite 

OXIDE solution

FeTiO₃(ilmenite)-MgTiO₃-MnTiO₃ solution extending all the way to pure Ti₂O₃ and dissolving small amounts of Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃. It was completely reoptimized for FactSage 8.3 and replaces [FToxid-ILMEA] A-Ilmenite and [FToxid-ILMEB] B-Ilmenite.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ti₂O₃ (S2).

Distribution of cations over the two cation sublattices is taken into account as:

(Fe(II), Mg, Mn(II), Al, Fe(III), Ti(III))[Al, Fe(III), Ti(III), Ti(IV)]O₃

Possible miscibility gap. (Use I option if Mn is present.)

References: 2005, 2009, 2014, 2033, 2034, 2041

[FToxid-PSBR] Pseudobrookite

OXIDE solution

Solid solution: Fe₂TiO₅-FeTi₂O₅-Ti₃O₅-Al₂TiO₅-MgTi₂O₅-MnTi₂O₅ over entire composition range.

Distribution of cations over the two cation sublattices is taken into account as:

(Fe(II),Mg,Mn(II),Al,Fe(III),Ti(III),Ti(IV))[Fe(II),Mg,Mn(II),Al,Fe(III),Ti(III),Ti(IV)]₂O₅.

Possible miscibility gap. (Use I option.)

References: 2005, 2009, 2014, 2033, 2034

 [FToxid-CaTi] Ca3Ti2O7-Ca3Ti2O6

OXIDE solution

Ca₃Ti₂O₇ – Ca₃Ti₂O₆ solution

[FToxid-PERO] Perovskite

OXIDE solution – perovskite

Ca₂Ti₂O₆ – Ca₂Ti₂O₅ solution dissolving Ca₂Fe₂O₅. The solubility of Fe in the Ca₂Ti₂O₆-Ca₂Ti₂O₅ solution was evaluated only under oxidizing conditions.

[FToxid-ZrOc] ZrO2-cubic

OXIDE solution – cubic zirconia

Cubic ZrO₂ + (Al₂O₃,CaO,FeO,MgO,MnO and TiO₂ in solution)

Valid only when rich in ZrO₂

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: ZrO₂ (S3).

[FToxid-ZrOt] ZrO2-tetragonal

OXIDE solution – tetragonal zirconia

Tetragonal ZrO₂ with Al₂O₃,CaO,FeO,MgO,MnO and TiO₂ in solution

Valid only when rich in ZrO₂

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: ZrO₂ (S2).

[FToxid-ZrOm] ZrO2-monoclinic

OXIDE solution – monoclinic zirconia

Monoclinic ZrO₂ with CaO, MgO and MnO in solution

Valid only when rich in ZrO₂

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: ZrO₂ (S1).

 [FToxid-ReAl] Re2O3+Al2O3_liquid

OXIDE solution – Liquid rare earth oxides plus Al₂O₃

Liquid solution:  Al₂O₃-La₂O₃-Ce₂O₃-Pr₂O₃-Nd₂O₃-Pm₂O₃-Sm₂O₃-Eu₂O₃-Gd₂O₃-Tb₂O₃-Dy₂O₃-Ho₂O₃-Er₂O₃-Tm₂O₃-Yb₂O₃-Lu₂O₃

Evaluations and optimization have been performed only for binary Al₂O₃-Re₂O₃ solutions (Re = rare earth).  Binary solutions between two rare earth oxides are assumed ideal.  Multicomponent solution interactions are estimated. 

Should be used to calculate solid/liquid phase equilibria only in Al₂O₃-Re₂O₃ binary systems.  (Possible ternary solid solutions have also not been evaluated.)

Never select FToxid-ReAl simultaneously with FToxid-SLAG.

References: 2001

 [FToxid-Neph] Nepheline

OXIDE solution – Nepheline

Non-stoichiometric low-temperature NaAlSiO₄ – KAlSiO₄ solid solution, dissolving excess SiO₂, Ca and Fe.

Miscibility gap below ~1000 °C.

References:  2047

[FToxid-Carn] Carnegieite

OXIDE solution – Carnegieite

Non-stoichiometric high-temperature NaAlSiO₄ dissolving excess SiO₂, K, Fe and Ca

References:  2047

[FToxid-LEU1] Leucite

OXIDE solution – Leucite

Leucite solution K₂Al₂Si₄O₁₂-K₂MgSi₅O₁₂

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

KAlSi₂O₆(S1) and K₂MgSi₅O₁₂(S1)

[FToxid-KASH] KAlSiO4-HT

OXIDE solution – KAlSiO4-HT

Non-stoichiometric high-temperature kalsilite, KAlSiO₄-K₂MgSi₃O₈, with excess SiO₂, Na and Ca.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

KAlSiO₄(S2) and K₂MgSi₃O₈(S2)

[FToxid-NASlA] A-(Na,Li)(Al,Fe)O2-LT

OXIDE solution

Non-stoichiometric low-temperature (Na)(Al,Fe)O₂ with excess SiO₂

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

NaAlO₂(S1) and NaFeO₂(S1).

References:  2047

[FToxid-NASlB] B-(Na,Li)(Al,Fe)O2-LT

OXIDE solution

Non-stoichiometric low-temperature (Na,Li)(Al)O₂ with excess SiO₂

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

NaAlO₂(S1) and LiAlO₂(S1).

[FToxid-NAShA] A-(Na,Li)(Al,Fe)O2-HT

OXIDE solution

Non-stoichiometric high-temperature (Na)(Al,Fe)O₂ with excess SiO₂

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

NaAlO₂(S2) and NaFeO₂(S2).

References:  2047

[FToxid-NAShB] B-(Na,Li)(Al,Fe)O2-HT

OXIDE solution

Non-stoichiometric high-temperature (Na,Li)(Al)O₂ with excess SiO₂

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

NaAlO₂(S2) and LiAlO₂(S2).

[FToxid-KA_L] KAlO2-LT

OXIDE solution

Non-stoichiometric low-temperature KAlO₂-K₂MgSiO₄ with excess SiO₂

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

KAlO₂(S1) and K₂MgSiO₄(S1)

[FToxid-KA_H] KAlO2-HT

OXIDE solution

Non-stoichiometric high-temperature KAlO₂-K₂MgSiO₄ with excess SiO₂

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

KAlO₂(S2) and K₂MgSiO₄(S2)

[FToxid-NCA2] Na2CaAl4O8

OXIDE solution

Na₂CaAl₄O₈ solid solution Na₂(Na₂,Ca)Al₄O₈

[FToxid-C3A1] (Ca,Na2)Ca8Al6O18

OXIDE solution

(Ca,Na₂)Ca₈Al₆O₁₈ solid solution, Ca₃Al₂O₆-rich

[FToxid-NAF6] beta''-Al2O3

OXIDE solution

Na₂Al₁₂O₁₉ with Na₂Fe₁₂O₁₉ in solution (Na₂Al₁₂O₁₉-rich)

[FToxid-bbAl] K2Al12O19

OXIDE solution

Beta''-alumina solution: K₂Al₁₂O₁₉ dissolving Mg (replaces K₂Al₁₂O₁₉ compound)

[FToxid-b_Al] KAl9O14

OXIDE solution

Beta-alumina solution: KAl₉O₁₄ dissolving Mg (replaces KAl₉O₁₄ compound)

[FToxid-NS2l] (Na,K)2Si2O5_low-T

OXIDE solution

(Na,K)₂Si₂O₅ low-temperature solution; dilute Li₂Si₂O₅

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

Na₂Si₂O₅(S1) and K₂Si₂O₅(S1)

[FToxid-NS2i] (Na,K)2Si2O5_Mid-T

OXIDE solution

(Na,K)₂Si₂O₅ solution stable at intermediate temperatures; dilute Li₂Si₂O₅

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

Na₂Si₂O₅(S2) and K₂Si₂O₅(S2)

[FToxid-NS2h] (Na,K)2Si2O5_high-T

OXIDE solution

(Na,K)₂Si₂O₅ high-temperature solution; dilute Li₂Si₂O₅

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

Na₂Si₂O₅(S3) and K₂Si₂O₅(S3)

[FToxid-LS2l] Li2Si2O5_low-T

OXIDE solution

Li₂Si₂O₅ low-temperature solution; dilute Na₂Si₂O₅ and K₂Si₂O₅

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

LiSi₂O₅(S1)

[FToxid-LS2h] Li2Si2O5_high-T

OXIDE solution

Li₂Si₂O₅ high-temperature solution; dilute Na₂Si₂O₅ and K₂Si₂O₅

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

Li₂Si₂O₅(S2)

[FToxid-NeSO] (K,Na,Li)2SiO3

OXIDE solution

(Li,Na,K)₂SiO₃ metasilicate solid solution

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

Li₂SiO₃(S1), Na₂SiO₃(S1) and K₂SiO₃(S1)

[FToxid-LAS2] beta-LiAlSi2O6

OXIDE solution beta-spodumene

LiAlSi₂O₆ high-temperature beta-spodumene solid solution with excess SiO₂

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

LiAlSi₂O₆(S2)

[FToxid-EucL] LiAlSiO4_low-T

OXIDE solution alpha-Eucryptite

LiAlSiO₄ low-temperature alpha-Eucryptite solid solution with excess SiO₂

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

LiAlSiO₄(S1)

[FToxid-EucH] LiAlSiO4_high-T

OXIDE solution beta-Eucryptite

LiAlSiO₄ high-temperature beta-Eucryptite solid solution with excess SiO₂

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

LiAlSiO₄(S2)

[FToxid-LM2S] Li2(Li2,Mg)SiO4

OXIDE solution

Li₂(Li₂,Mg)SiO₄ solution with a miscibility gap between Li₄SiO₄ and Li₂MgSiO₄; dilute Na₄SiO₄

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

Li₄SiO₄(S1) and Li₂MgSiO₄(S1)

[FToxid-N2S_] Na4SiO4

OXIDE solution

Na₄SiO₄ solution; dilute Li₄SiO₄

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

Na₄SiO₄(S1)

 [FToxid-KCS1] K2CaSiO4

OXIDE solution

K₂CaSiO₄ with small solubility of Na₂CaSiO₄, K₂MgSiO₄ and Na₂MgSiO₄

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

K₂CaSiO₄(S1)

[FToxid-N3S8] Na6Si8O19

OXIDE solution

Na₆Si₈O₁₉ solution; dilute Li₆Si₈O₁₉

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

Na₆Si₈O₁₉(S1)

[FToxid-NCSO] combeite

OXIDE solution - combeite

Mineralogical name: combeite (Na₂Ca₂Si₃O₉)

Distribution of cations over the cation sites is taken into account as follows:

(Na₂,Ca)Na₂(Ca,Na₂)₃CaSi₆O₁₈

[FToxid-Roed] Roedderite

OXIDE solution

Roedderite solid solution (Na,K)₂Mg₅Si₁₂O₃₀

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb:

Na₂Mg₅Si₁₂O₃₀(S1) and K₂Mg₅Si₁₂O₃₀(S1)

[FToxid-Feld] Feldspar

OXIDE solution – Feldspar

NaAlSi₃O₈ – KAlSi₃O₈ – CaAl₂Si₂O₈ – SrAl₂Si₂O₈ – BaAl₂Si₂O₈ – NaFeSi₃O₈ solution

Mineralogical names: Albite (NaAlSi₃O₈), Sanidine (KAlSi₃O₈), Anorthite (CaAl₂Si₂O₈), Celsian (BaAl₂Si₂O₈).

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: NaAlSi₃O₈(S2), KAlSi₃O₈(S1), CaAl₂Si₂O₈(S2), SrAl₂Si₂O₈(S1) and BaAl₂Si₂O₈(S1).

Possible miscibility gap when Ca is present or when Sr and Ba are present simultaneously. (Use I option.)

[FToxid-M3Si] (Ba,Sr)3SiO5

OXIDE solution – (Ba,Sr)3SiO5

(Ba,Sr)₃SiO₅ with Ca₃SiO₅ in solution

[FToxid-C3Si] Ca3SiO5

OXIDE solution – Ca3SiO5

Ca₃SiO₅ with Sr₃SiO₅ in solution

[FToxid-Merw] Merwinite

OXIDE solution - Merwinite

Mineralogical name: merwinite (Ca,Sr,Ba)₃MgSi₂O₈

[FToxid-C2BM] Ca2BaMgSi2O8

OXIDE solution

Distribution of cations over the cation sites is taken into account as follows:

[Ca,Ba]₂[Ba,Ca]MgSi₂O₈

[FToxid-BCSO] Ba2Ca(Ba,Ca)Si2O8

OXIDE solution

Ba₃CaSi₂O₈ – Ba₂Ca₂Si₂O₈ solid solution

T-phase

[FToxid-PsWo] Pseudo-Wollastonite

OXIDE solution

(Ca,Sr)SiO₃-rich, dissolving BaSiO₃

Mineralogical name: pseudo-wollastonite (CaSiO₃)

[FToxid-BaSi] BaSiO3

OXIDE solution

BaSiO₃ dissolving calcium and strontium (BaSiO₃-rich)

[FToxid-Wals] Walstromite

OXIDE solution - Walstromite

Mineralogical name: walstromite (BaCa₂Si₃O₉)

Distribution of cations over the cation sites is taken into account as follows:

[Ca,Ba,Sr][Ba,Ca,Sr]CaSi₃O₉

[FToxid-Ba8A] Ba8Al2O11

OXIDE solution

Ba₈Al₂O₁₁ with Ca₈Al₂O₁₁ and Sr₈Al₂O₁₁ in solution (Ba₈Al₂O₁₁-rich)

[FToxid-Me4A] (Sr,Ba)4Al2O7

OXIDE solution

(Sr,Ba)₄Al₂O₇ with Ca₄Al₂O₇ in solution

[FToxid-Me3A] (Ca,Sr,Ba)3Al2O6

OXIDE solution

(Ca,Sr,Ba)₃Al₂O₆ cubic phase

[FToxid-MeAl] High-T-(Ba,Sr)Al2O4

OXIDE solution

High-temperature (Ba,Sr)Al₂O₄ with CaAl₂O₄ in solution

[FToxid-CaAl] CaAl2O4

OXIDE solution

CaAl₂O₄ with BaAl₂O₄ and SrAl₂O₄ in solution (CaAl₂O₄-rich)

[FToxid-SrAl] Low-T-SrAl2O4

OXIDE solution

Low-temperature SrAl₂O₄ with CaAl₂O₄ and BaAl₂O₄ in solution (SrAl₂O₄-rich)

[FToxid-BaAl] Low-T-BaAl2O4

OXIDE solution

Low-temperature BaAl₂O₄ with CaAl₂O₄ and SrAl₂O₄ in solution (BaAl₂O₄-rich)

[FToxid-MeA2] (Ca,Sr)Al4O7

OXIDE solution

(Ca,Sr)Al₄O₇ solid solution

[FToxid-MeA6] (Ca,Sr,Ba)Al12O19

OXIDE solution

(Ca,Sr)Al₁₂O₁₉ with magnetoplumbite structure dissolving BaAl₁₂O₁₉

[FToxid-bAlu] Beta-alumina

OXIDE solution

Ba₃Al₄₄O₆₉-BaAl₁₀MgO₁₇-Sr₃Al₄₄O₆₉-SrAl₁₀MgO₁₇ solution

[FToxid-BaB2] BaB2O4

OXIDE solution

BaB₂O₄ with CaB₂O₄ and SrB₂O₄ in solution (BaB₂O₄-rich)

[FToxid-MeB2] (Ca,Sr)B2O4

OXIDE solution

(Ca,Sr)B₂O₄ with BaB₂O₄ in solution

[FToxid-BaB8] BaB8O13

OXIDE solution

BaB₈O₁₃ with CaB₈O₁₃ and SrB₈O₁₃ in solution (BaB₈O₁₃-rich)

[FToxid-VO__] VO

OXIDE solution

VO with V2O3 in solution

[FToxid-VFeO2] (V,Fe)O2

OXIDE solution

VO2 with FeVO4 in solution

[FToxid-C2SP] a-C2S-C3P

OXIDE solution

alpha-Ca₂SiO₄ – Ca₃P₂O₈ solid solution

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₂SiO₄(S3), Ca₃P₂O₈(S3).

Mg, Fe, Mn, Ba and B are not components of FToxid-C2SP and so the calculated contents of these will always be zero if you use FToxid-C2SP.  For silicate systems containing appreciable amounts of Mg, Fe, Mn, Ba or B, use FToxid-aC2SA.

For systems containing large amounts of both Mg and P, but a small amount of Si, use FToxid-C3Pr.

Select only one of the following solutions, which describe the same phase: FToxid-C2SP, FToxid-aC2SA and FToxid-C3Pr.

[FToxid-C3Pr] alpha’-Ca3P2O8

OXIDE solution

Alpha-prime Ca₃P₂O₈ stable at high temperatures with Mg₃P₂O₈ in solution (Ca₃P₂O₈-rich)

Si is not a component of FToxid-C3Pr and so the calculated contents of silicates will always be zero if you use FToxid-C3Pr.  If the solubility of silicates in Ca₃P₂O₈ is more important than the solubility of Mg, use FToxid-C2SP.

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₃P₂O₈ (S3).

Select only one of the following solutions, which describe the same phase: FToxid-C2SP, FToxid-aC2SA and FToxid-C3Pr.

[FToxid-C3Pa] alpha-Ca3P2O8

OXIDE solution

Alpha-Ca₃P₂O₈ stable at intermediate temperatures with Mg₃P₂O₈ in solution (Ca₃P₂O₈-rich)

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₃P₂O₈ (S2).

[FToxid-C3Pb] beta-Ca3P2O8

OXIDE solution

Beta-Ca₃P₂O₈ stable at low temperatures with Mg₃P₂O₈ in solution (Ca₃P₂O₈-rich)

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Ca₃P₂O₈ (S1).

[FToxid-M3Pa] Mg3P2O8

OXIDE solution

Mg₃P₂O₈ with Ca₃P₂O₈ in solution (Mg₃P₂O₈-rich)

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Mg₃P₂O₈ (S1).

[FToxid-CMPc] (Ca,Mg)3Mg3P4O16

OXIDE solution

Ca₃Mg₃P₄O₁₆-based solid solution in the Mg₃P₂O₈ – Ca₃P₂O₈ section

[FToxid-M2Pa] Mg2P2O7-HT

OXIDE solution

Mg₂P₂O₇ stable at high temperatures with Ca₂P₂O₇ in solution (Mg₂P₂O₇-rich)

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: Mg₂P₂O₇ (S2).

[FToxid-CaFh] CaF2-HT

OXIDE solution

CaF₂ stable at high temperatures with CaO in solution (CaF₂-rich)

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: CaF₂ (S2).

[FToxid-CaFl] CaF2-LT

OXIDE solution

CaF₂ stable at low temperatures with CaO in solution (CaF₂-rich)

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: CaF₂ (S1).

[FToxid-MgF2] MgF2

OXIDE solution

MgF₂ solution; dilute LiF

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: MgF₂ (S1).

[FToxid-LiF_] LiF

OXIDE solution

LiF solution; dilute MgF₂

End-members in pure compound database FToxidBase.cdb: LiF (S1).